Alcoholism Essays (2846 words) - Drinking Culture, Alcohol Abuse

Alcoholism Alcoholism, Alcohol is liquid distilled product of fermented fruits, grains and vegetables used as solvent, antiseptic and sedative for potential abuse. Possible effects are intoxication, sensory alteration, and anxiety reduction. Symptoms of overdose staggering, odor of alcohol on breath, loss of coordination, slurred speech, dilated pupils, fetal alcohol syndrome in babies, and nerve and liver damage. Withdrawal Syndrome is first sweating, tremors then altered perception, followed by psychosis, fear, and finally auditory hallucinations. Indications of possible miss-use are confusion, disorientation, and loss of motor nerve control, convulsions, shock, shallow respiration, involuntary defecation, drowsiness, respiratory depression and possible death. Alcohol is also known as Booze, Juice, Brew, Vino, and Sauce. Most people know why alcohol is abused some reasons are relaxation, sociability, and cheap high. Alcohol is a depressant that decreases the responses of the central nervous system. Alcoholism is a disease that has been destroying people's lives mentally, physically and emotionally throughout the entire world since the early 18th century. Sometimes people get the idea that alcohol abuse and alcoholism are the same thing. The National Council on Alcoholism says "Alcohol Abuse" a problem to solve. Alcoholism a disease to conquer. Alcohol Abuse is the misuse of the substance, alcohol. You know you are abusing an alcoholic substance when you continue to use it, even though you're having social or personal problems because of your use. You still use it even though it's causing you physical problems. Using it the way you do is causing you legal problems. You don't live up to major responsibilities on the job or in your family. Alcoholism is being addicted, or dependent on alcohol. You may be dependent on alcohol if any three of the following are true. You have to use larger and larger amounts of it to get drunk. You have withdrawal when you try to stop or cut down. You use it much more and for longer times than you really want to. You can't seem to cut back and feel a strong need or craving for it. You spend a lot of your time just getting the substance. You'd rather use than work or be with friends and family. You keep using, no matter what. The National Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimates based on research, that a Blood Alcohol Concentration between .02 and .04 makes your chances of being in a single-vehicle fatal crash 1.4 times higher than for someone who has not had a drink. If your BAC is between .05 and .09, you are 11.1 times more likely to be in a fatal single vehicle crash, and 48 times more likely at a BAC between .10 and .14. If you've got a BAC of .15, your risk of being in a single-vehicle fatal crash is estimated to be 380 times higher than a non-drinker's. Recent research is showing that true substance dependence may be caused, in part, by brain chemistry deficiencies. That is one reason that substance dependence is considered a disease. Excessive drinking can cause liver damage and psychotic behavior. As little as two beers or drinks can impair coordination and thinking. Alcohol is often used by substance abusers to enhance the effects of other drugs. Alcohol continues to be the most frequently abused substance among young adults. Alcohol abuse is a pattern of problem drinking that results in health consequences, social, problems, or both. However, alcoholism refers to a disease that is characterized by alcohol-seeking behavior that leads to the loss of control while drinking. Short-term effects of alcohol use include distorted vision, hearing, and coordination. Long-term effects of heavy alcohol use include: loss of appetite, vitamin deficiencies, stomach ailments, skin problems, sexual impotence, liver damage, heart and central nervous system damage. Using alcohol to escape problems, a change in personality, turning from Dr. Jekyl to Mr. Hyde, a high tolerance level blackouts, sometimes not remembering what happened while drinking, problems at work or in school as a result of drinking, concern shown by family and friends about drinking. As with other diseases, there is the possibility of taking medicine to get better. There is now promising evidence that taking medicine can correct some of the deficiencies that may cause drug dependence. It is beginning to look like a combination of the right medicine along with talking therapy and behavior therapy, will help us treat this disease, as we have never before been able to. One drug is Naltrexone, sometimes known as ReVia. Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Desipramine (Norpramin) have also shown promise. Alcohol abuse is also a serious medical and social problem, but is not the

DNA Technology essays

DNA Technology essays DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a very important part of our lives today. It is found in the nucleus of cells on the chromosomes. It is found in many cell organelles, such as plasmids in bacteria, chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in both plants and animals. DNA helps us to perform many actions in solving crimes, doing paternity tests, and also helps us to do scientific studies that were not possible until the middle 1900s. DNA has been one of the most popular subjects of study ever since it was discovered. Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick first discovered DNA in 1953. On April 2, they published a journal article that was only one page in length, but has changed the life of everyone forever. Watson and Crick claimed that DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides joined together by the nitrogen bases. The bases hold the two nucleotides together because they are complementary of each other, or ones base determines the others base. The four bases are: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. DNA is also in the shape of a double helix, or twisted ladder. DNA has two specific functions. It provides for protein synthesis and for the growth and development of an organism. It also furnishes all descendants of the organism with protein-synthesizing information by replicating itself and passing a copy to each offspring. This information, known as the genetic code, lies in the sequence of bases of DNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. DNA does not act directly in the process of protein synthesis. Instead it acts through the formation of a particular type of RNA called messenger RNA. The DNA technology that we have today is an extremely important part of scientific research today. Without the knowledge we have about it we could not do such applications as: paternity tests, solving crimes and other cases, and etc. Geneticis...

Hundred Years War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hundred Years War - Essay Example and Henry VI2. In the Hundred Years' War France and Spain were allied and supported the Scottish cause of independence from the English crown. England was allied with Portugal and Burgundy and controlled large sections of Aquitaine and northern France"3. The Hundred Years' War was initiated by the King Philip VI of France in 1337 when he stabbed to impound the territories of England which were situated in the southwestern France. The war was ended in 1453 with the victory of France that resulted in expelling of English from the continent. During the war many new weapons and war tactics were used by the French and English army. The historians consider the Hundred Years' War as the most significant conflict of the medieval warfare that further defined the history of both England and France. "The war was consisted of a series of set backs and victories for each side as well as a multitude of shifting alliances between the major and minor powers of Europe in the region"4. "The significance of the Hundred Years' War is the rise of nationalism it engendered, compared to earlier medieval conflicts"5. The English military secured victories in several battles fought during the war but at times they were also defeated by France. "The war laid waste to much of France and caused enormous suffering; it virtually destroyed the feudal nobility and thereby brought about a new social order. By ending England's status as a power on the continent, it led the English to expand their reach and power at sea"6. The English defeat in Hundred Years' War possesses several important aspects and reasons behind it which are going to be discussed after the background, causes and other information about the war. About Hundred Years' War The background for Hundred Years' War was stated preparing 400 years as a result of conflicts occurring between the English and French King. "The conflicts arise because the King of England being a vassal of French King, rules the territory of France more than the King of France himself"7. The French attempted to resolve the problem in three decisive wars including the conquest of Normandy in 1214, The Saintonge War in 1242 and the War of Saint-Sardos in 1324. These wars resulted in the end of English hold on the continent. The conflicts between the two countries grew along with time. "One of the major conflicting issues between England and France was regarding the duchy of Aquitaine which was located in Southwestern France"8. In 1259, the Treaty of Paris designated that Henry III held the duchy as a fief of the French king Charles IV, King of France who will pay liege homage to the king but the situation become complicated with the death of Charles IV, King of France in 1328 without a male heir. Edward III, the King of England claimed that he has a right to take the thorn as his mother was the sister of King Charles. In 1337, the war was started when Edward III raided into French territory and became the King of France. This action of King Edward III initiated the series of war which spread over a century. There were many battles fought during the war period including the Battle of Crecy and Battle of Poitiers which were

Unethical behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unethical behavior - Essay Example Above all, the Golden Rule and Ethical Education are suggested to solve these ethical fallacies. In order to preserve the ethical standard of the world at large, the discussion of the misconceptions and rationalizations is crucial to preserving the standard of ethics and social norms. Using Jack Marshall’s list of ethical fallacies, let’s discuss five common reasons as handpicked. First, if there is a Golden Rule, there is a Golden Rationalization, as well. Apparently, it is the opposite of the former. This rationalization is not new. It began as early as the beginning of the civilization. It was believed that when the majority of the people performed a certain action – the judgment whether the action is right or wrong is determined through it. In other words, if everybody does it – you can therefore do it, as well. If the majority of the society had committed adultery, then it is implicitly all right for you to commit the same. However, a person who used this reasoning is aware of his misconduct. Since everybody does it, he would argue that he should not be singled for condemnation, although he is conscious that adultery is illegal. Secondly, another common rationalization is called The Compliance Dodge. If a person had complied with the rules, it is obviously driven by the punishments enumerated therein. Put it another way, ethics is about the individual’s decision to do what is right. If a person has the genuine intention to do the right thing without any given sanction – it is therefore ethical. That is to say that compliance with the rules is not the same with ethics. Individuals who were using this rationalization had been finding loopholes in a set of rules to justify unethical behaviors as right. Thirdly, The Slippery Slope is an insidious fallacy. Several people believed that if a misconduct or unethical behavior had brought no harm to anybody – it could not be considered a wrongdoing. Another key thing to

Property Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property Rights - Essay Example The land subject to eminent domain is to be given to a private entity for an economic project. The problem presented by those who criticize the ruling in this case is that private entities and corporations might use this to influence the government in acquiring lands. This will give them an undue advantage against individual citizens with respect to property rights. According to John Locke, the moment a person is born, he has the right to preservation. He has the right to enjoy and use nature for their subsistence. "God, who hath given the world to men in common, hath also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience." Locke said. As such, According to Lock, since God gave the world to men for its use and enjoyment, there must be some way in which people could take them and own them. Because without taking them and owning it, how could people use it This is the basis of individual property rights. However, the property rights of a person are not absolute or unconditional. It may be subject to conditions and it may be limited in favor of the state, the general welfare of the people or for public order. For example, the government may regulate transactions involving properties. These regulations may take the form of contract laws, professional regulations law, or even labor law. Another example of limitation o... Because the government is task to protect and promote the general welfare of its people, to successfully do this, it needs money to spend. And a bulk of the money used by the government comes from taxes. Without the power to impose taxes, the government will not be able to acquire money and by taxation, individuals are required to part with a portion of their property in favor of the government. Hence it is a limitation to their property rights. The Power of Eminent Domain Another form of limitation on the individual's property rights is eminent domain. In eminent domain, the government is authorized to take a person's property, even against his will, as long as such taking is for a public use and the person is paid just compensation. The Problem with This Case Usually, this is exercised by the government when it builds infrastructures such as bridges, school buildings and the like, mostly government owned. However in this case, it was exercised by a corporation for economic development. While it is true that the economic project will reap benefits for the whole city such as jobs and revenues in the form of taxes, such is only incidental. Ultimately, whatever revenue that the corporation will receive will go to the private persons who own it. This, I believe, would cause an alarming precedence. Because of this ruling, the private entities are now allowed, in a way, to exercise eminent domain. All it has to do is to apply to the city, present the number of jobs that it could offer the possible revenues that it could earn the city and they can get delegation of that power. They can force individuals to sell them any property they like. In my opinion, this would threaten the individual's property rights. Exercise of eminent

The Dangers Of Passive Smoking Health Essay

The Dangers Of Passive Smoking Health Essay Passive smoking is breathing in the smoke of smokers, cigars or pipes. Environmental smoke includes the smoke exhaled from the smoker and the smoke emitted from the burning cigarette. Stream smoke from the burning cigarettes tend to wander in the room longer and the concentrations of carcinogens than the smoke exhaled from the smoker. So to have people smoking in the home, whether smoking in another room, the children remain at increased risk for smoke inhalation. Passive smoking not only affects the lungs of children but also affects the brain, heart, gut As of respiratory diseases, numerous studies have demonstrated that passive smoking increases the risk of tuberculosis infection, the onset of asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, or children frequent cough, runny nose. Experts estimate that each year about 150,000 to 300,000 children under 18 months of age with acute bronchitis or pneumonia related to the Smoke Free Environment. Children under 1 year old are the children of smokers with acute bronchitis or pneumonia more than double those of nonsmokers. Children in families with smokers are at risk to asthma increased more than 2 times daily, the number of hospitalizations for asthma treatment is much more than children whose family members do not smoke drugs. These children are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke or sore throat, inflammation of nasal congestion, hoarseness, and flu than non-exposed children. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke also scraping the tonsils VA and cut more. Passive smoking can affect a childs heart muscle system. These influences include the limited supply of oxygen to the tissues of the body, reducing the heart rate response to activity, and gradually increase heart rate continuously. Passive smoking is also a risk factor for causing all kinds of other chronic intestinal diseases, colitis. Those children exposed to secondhand smoke, the risk of ulcerative colitis increased 2 times compared with children not exposed. Results showed that smoking increases the risk of metabolic syndrome a disorder related to the increased amount of fat in the stomach, leading to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. When you smoke anywhere toxic particles from tobacco will hide the hair and clothes. When you come in contact with me, even then you do not smoke again, the baby is exposed to toxins. And if you breastfeed, your baby will go to toxins through breast milk, Winickoff said. To protect young children, experts recommend parents as follows: Keep children away from smoking. Use a coat to wear outside each smoker. Wash your hands after smoking. Use other measures to stop smoking support To cope with the increasing restriction of smoking, big tobacco manufacturers in Japan has launched a product which the company claims is the first smokeless tobacco in the world. Mint looks Zerostyle regular cigarettes, but contains a tube containing a removable medication afraid. This tube is inserted into the filter and the smoker can enjoy a taste of the drug, plus the pleasant fragrance of mint flavor. The most special thing is these drugs do not release the smoke. two-thirds of the cigarette smoke from the burning will spread into the environment, not on smokers lung. The reason is a cigarette burn out of chips that it only took minutes to about two thirty-seconds for each cigarette. Nicotine. This is the addictive chemical, smoke a few times as it began to smoke because it stimulates the initial chemicals. Once inhaled, the nicotine running up the brain, making it supremely comfortable for follicle stimulating the adrenal glands and nerve cells. But the long-term use of nicotine cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, taste buds numb, lonely mood, by the people. Carbon monoxide. This gas is odorless, colorless, has negative effects are taken the place of oxygen in red blood cells, causing the body of oxygen. Only very small quantities, but continuous work for longer, this gas is also taken to heart disease. 3-High tobacco. Cigarettes contain thousands of chemicals. Nearly half are natural or caused by chemical reactions between each other when the cigarette is burned. Several other manufacturers add to enhance the flavor. When burned, these chemicals to see each other and create tar (tar), a glue-like compound, gray. Inhalation, tar and throat irritation alveoli. Some chemicals found in plastics are acetone, ammonia, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde, phenol, toluene, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead When smoke is deliberately flying in a watertight space, the air will be more air pollution as 40 times normal. -Sitting in this environment, many people are excited, the plant will eye, tears lead nose, itchy throat, chest pain, headache, dizziness, nausea. After half an hour, continue to breathe, the carbon monoxide in your blood, fast heartbeat, decreased inference judgments. Here are some of the reasons that children are more risk severe smoke inhalation and whose parents smoke in the house: 1-The lungs of young children, less growth completely; 2-immune system protects the bodys weak because they are new students; Because 3-breathing faster than adults so they inhale more harmful chemicals in the same time; 4-You can not protect themselves by staying away or tell the public does not want to inhale smoke, so take the battle to breathe. Where does the freedom to smoke cigarettes, there is no way to protect them with this hazardous smoke. Here are some of the risk of illness for children: When a new-born but had smoke inhalation, the growth of the lung is not perfect, leading to decreased lung function, poor health; b-balance Childhood passive smoking increases the risk of lung infection such as pneumonia, bronchitis. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States each year there are 300,000 children under the age of one lung infection with 15.000 children hospitalized treatment, just because the balance of passive smoking; Smoke makes you cough or, to talk and problems in the throat, wheezing. Many children have surgery to remove excess flesh in the throat department to avoid infection; e-hand smoke as much fluid accumulates in the inner ear caused surgery to treat or to put drainage pipes; e-Children with asthma can breathe air that tobacco smoke on asthma and the disease is more severe. Also smoking is the risk of asthma in children may be sick of this. Research in Britain and Israel concluded parents smoke, pneumonia of children doubled. -When parents smoke, then I can born underweight, premature death after birth or Sudden Death Syndrome (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) may be the reason for the reduction of oxygen to the fetus, because nicotine can do carbon monoxide and blood vessels take the place of oxygen in hemoglobin. After birth, that I continue smoking, the immortal dead twice. When severe addiction, the mortality increased fivefold since the common inhaled smoke excess air from the mother smoking drugs. Your mother does not smoke but smoking is the way children are born to light up. Had evidence of pathological changes leading to atherosclerosis newborn umbilical cord when the mother smoking or breathing secondhand smoke to spare. i-UK study shows that the balance of passive smoking reduces the likelihood of early childhood reading. This is not counting, parents smoking when children grow up and imitate smoking and became addicted. And the cycle was renewed generation after generation Khà ³i thuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc là ¡ tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ là  m, nÆ ¡i cà ´ng cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng. This is a problem that has been public and government attention very much. The reason is safety in the workplace is very important. Employers have a duty to provide employees with a job without risks, a safe workplace. Since the 1980s, inhaled cigarette smoke has been seen as residual risk leading cause health risks at work and in public places. The new study shows that access to tobacco smoke in restaurants, more pub than in the workplace or other facilities. Restaurant staff, facilities have smoke are at increased risk for heart disease and lung and the employer must be responsible. There is much precedent court case, an employer must pay compensation for failing to protect the health and safety for workers with residual smoke. uly 3, 2003, Sir Liam Donaldson, a senior health officials of the British government, has announced that, who do not smoke but live with the population crush the pill will increase the risk of lung cancer from 20 30% and 25% of heart disease. Also, according to these officials, the creation of smoke-free environment will help people quit smoking addiction, but also avoids the risk of disease for millions of non-smokers, including many children, large and small. He also said that in the past 50 years, tobacco has no significant rival to death for his people the British Queen. Last November 2004, Britain began smoking bans in public places. Mindful of the adverse effects to passengers that smoking should not breathe smoke-polluted air, the airline also applicable law prohibiting smoking inside the plane. Most airports also a place where non-smokers. Kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ nghà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n xuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t thuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc là ¡ cà ³ à ½ kià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n khà ¡c They say that there seems to have exaggerated the effects of environmental tobacco smoke pollution on health; that the risk is not serious except for a few nasty little thing. They promised to publish the medical evidence is reliable passive smoking is not harmful to public health non-smokers. According to them, the campaign against smoking has caused damage not repaired for industrial production of cigarettes and they will launch a campaign asking people to protect the rights of smokers. A statement to be reminded many times in the journal Tobacco International is: Communism failed because people do not have freedom of choice. Smoking will last forever because smokers have a choice of smoking or not Là ½ luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n cà ¡Ã‚ »a dà ¢n nghià ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n thuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc là ¡ In principle, smoking or not smoking is a freedom of choice that no one individual or any government can ban. However, where interest, especially when the impact if create is not good for others may be restricted, prohibited. Some people argue: I smoke in my house, nobody has the right to ban because it is my freedom. But actually it is not used his right only to satisfy the nicotine craving only. Moreover, when tobacco smoke as a spouse or child of his poetry to breathe smoke, then carrying the disease, it is also a form of domestic violence, child physical abuse. That when there is domestic violence law to intervene to protect victims of secondhand smoke. So if you want a healthy spouse, fetal growth, healthy children to live happy life, please think about their responsibilities. There is also precedent for a divorce, a parent lose visitation rights because the children refused to stop smoking when near them. The UK, the adoption of standards, there does not account for smokers or sponsored child care, because cigarette smoke lead to risks to their health. er active smoking and alcohol voluntarily. Phà ²ng ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a rà ¡Ã‚ »i ro-Bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £o và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c khà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ e After decades of research, scientists have demonstrated the benefits of eliminating tobacco smoke, prevent environmental pollution. This is a work necessary to protect the health of everyone, especially when that did not want to breathe the air pollution there. Service or learn to observe, the risk of causing illness that may prevent passive smoking, the balance of the third, aftScientific evidence for or: there is no safe level for any cancer-causing agents. So environmental tobacco smoke as much or even less, should be eliminated at their workplaces, private homes and public places. As a reminder that smoke and odors can be reduced by ventilation systems, but some chemicals are still hanging around the house several hours after smoking. Public places as enclosed spaces frequented by the public, activities such as offices, hospitals, schools, professional or public places, banks, restaurants, entertainment, sports performance, training fitness training, waiting room, reception room people living in this environment should be protected, sheltered before the dangers of toxic substances in tobacco smoke. Phà ²ng ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ nhà   Do not smoke or let guests smoke in the house; b-If for reasons of force majeure that a family member smoking indoors, they should increase the ventilation system in rooms where people smoke it, expand the window, use extra fans to smoke out the milk; c-No smoking around children, especially infants because they are highly susceptible to cigarette smoke; e-Not to keep the baby, who helped the smoke in the house or near them; Select e-home child care has a clear plan for smoking ban. Phà ²ng ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i nÆ ¡i là  m vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c The agency safety and health workers are encouraging each facility must have a plan on smoking. Primary purpose is to protect those who do not smoke, avoid breathing secondhand smoke in an unwanted environment. Here are a few methods can be applied: a-Banning smoking in the premises or restrict smoking in designated locations; b-air in smoking rooms are allowed to exit directly out outdoors with ventilation, not flow into other rooms. This room must be placed separately from the work to non-smokers from the back and forth. Those who do not smoke should not use this room for any demand, any service. If you set up outdoor smoking area shall prohibit smoking right outside the doors for non-smokers can use that path. Should be consistent with outdoor ashtrays to break ground population, smoking; e-There should be programs to help people who want to quit. Sometimes working in the smoking ban is encouraging people addicted motivation goodbye yellow smoke, because many people are unaware that their habit was harmful to others. -Phà ²ng ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m ăn, tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m rÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £u Currently, in many localities have passed laws that prohibit smoking in city restaurants, Pub. Many employers sometimes do not want to ban smoking in restaurants, for fear of losing customers. But the study said: smoking bans do not affect the profitability of the service that contrary to many people prefer the back because I feel safer. Employers should have no smoking areas and smoking areas. This division will somewhat reduce smoke for nonsmokers. No smoking area should be placed near the top of the air supply. Smoking area near the exhaust out. Bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £o và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ cà ¡ nhà ¢n Do not smoke, but want to avoid the risk of environmental tobacco smoke pollution, they may protect themselves by: a. Tell everyone they have contact with cigarette smoke is offensive to her. To sign Please do not smoke in the house, car, office work. b-When the restaurant, so pick the smoking areas as far as possible; c. Require government measures to protect against secondhand smoke in public places; e-Support the establishment plans to ban smoking; e-When meeting people, where the proposal is specifically for people addicted to smoking; g-on professional or public, to sit as far from smokers as possible; h-If anyone smoke near her, then gently tell them that you are allergic to smoke. Or away from where people smoke. Kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n In many countries, the problem is excess smoke inhalation is a special public attention. The reason is there much evidence of adverse effects caused by this pollution to health. In the U.S. alone, every year there from 9700-18.6000 children were born underweight; 1900-2700 children die suddenly; 700,000-1,600,000 children with otitis media; 800,000 new asthma cases are detected; 400,000-1,000,000 cases of aggravated asthma; 150000-300000 children with bronchitis or pneumonia. All are caused by residual smoke. Not to mention that many cases of lung cancer, heart disease, the risk of uterine cancer. So the problem of passive smoking should be more public agencies and institutions of each country abetting satisfactorily resolved, to eliminate the acceptance of this reluctance to tobacco smoke pollution. And so people are comfortable living life in peace.

Mathematics in the Primary School Essay -- education, teaching, learnin

â€Å"A successful learner in mathematics involves constructing understanding through exploration, problem solving, discussion and practical experience and evidentially through a teacher who has a clear grasp of the underlying structure of the mathematics being taught† (Haylock 2010:3). Analysing my personal journey through mathematics will allow me to explore if my experiences have influenced my attitudes towards mathematics. Beginning by exploring the ways in which I was taught as a child, examining what framework was used for the teaching of mathematics, before continuing to explore if education reforms and learning strategies could have influenced by experiences. Concluding by reflecting on my attitude towards mathematics as an adult and trainee teacher, discussing how they will affect or influence the methods of teaching I will adopt. Entering formal education in 1991 I was taught by means of the revised version of mathematical national curriculum 1991 (DfE 2013b) brought about by the Educational Reform Act 1988.The main two principles of the national curriculum were: firstly to ensure all pupils learn and achieve and secondly to promote pupils spiritual, moral, social and cultural development (DES 1987) The basis of therevised curriculum and its associated testing was to standardise the content taught across schools in order to raise standards of attainment in mathematics. With the introduction of a national curriculum came the introduction of national tests SATs, programmes of study, attainment targets and levels. This was the framework for my memories of mathematics to be established (DfE 2013a). My early recollections of being taught mathematics are through teacher explanation followed by an activity to complete to show you we... ...Utusun Ofsted. (2010). Learning: creative approaches that raise standards. Available: http://www.creativitycultureeducation.org/wp-content/uploads/learning-creative- approaches-that-raise-standards-250.pdf. Last accessed 8th Nov 2013. Orton, A (2004). Learning Mathematics: Issues, Theory and Classroom Practice. 3rd ed. London: Continuum. 49-57. Pound L and Lee T (2011). Teaching Mathematics Creatively. Oxon: Routledge Skemp, R (2002). Mathematics in the Primary School. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis . Stewart, I (2013). The Great Mathematical Problems. London : Profile Books William, P. (2008). Independent Review of Mathematics Teaching in Early Years Settings and Primary Schools. Available: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.go v.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Williams%20Mathematics.pdf. Last accessed 1st Nov 2013.